Restless Legs Syndrome Foundation Blog

Boost Your Mood: How Dance Can Improve Mental Health

Whether you’ve danced alone in your car to your favorite songs, swayed with your partner on the dance floor at a wedding or initiated a spontaneous dance party at a family celebration – you’ve experienced firsthand the positive effects dance can have on mental health.

For individuals with RLS, research suggests that an active lifestyle can be an effective tool for managing symptoms. Finding enjoyable and safe activities that also have psychological benefits can further enhance quality of life.

Movement in general has been shown to reduce stress, increase energy and promote a sense of calm. On a biological level, exercise reduces the body’s stress hormones, such as adrenaline and cortisol, while also stimulating the production of endorphins.¹ Endorphins are hormones released when the body experiences pain or stress.² They act as a neurotransmitter, blocking the nerve cells that receive pain signals. Endorphins also stimulate the release of dopamine, another neurotransmitter that plays a role in mood. An endorphin deficiency may indicate a lack of dopamine and can present as sleep issues, impulsivity and body aches or pains.²

Stress can also present as physical symptoms such as tense muscles, headaches, chest tightness or lightheadedness.¹ Bodily movement reduces tension, encouraging relaxation and mental clarity.

Dance is a unique form of physical activity that incorporates choreographed sequences, synchronicity and memorized movements. A systematic review of literature designed to study the cognitive impact of dance, found that dance was as effective, if not more effective, than other physical activities at improving psychological outcomes.³ The studies looked at dance broadly, including traditional dance forms, aerobic dance or theatrical dance across all ages. Preliminary evidence further suggested dance may be superior at improving motivation, distress, depression, memory and emotional well-being.³

Formal dance classes are often conducted in social settings, where engagement and a supportive community enhance participant enjoyment.³ Performing in group settings has been linked to the release of endorphins, inducing relaxation and pleasure. Incorporating exercise with music, which has been shown to have therapeutic effects, can also amplify mental health benefits. Dance requires multitasking between musicality, artistry, memory and focus, acting as a distraction from mental burdens.³ While further studies are needed to determine the specific benefits of dance based on genre, frequency and age, its overall health benefits should be recognized.

Fifty percent of people who start an exercise program will cease within six months; therefore, it is important to find an activity that is enjoyable to reap the long-term benefits.³ Whether it’s ballroom or ballet, the samba or swing, dance can have a positive impact on mental health.

If you’re seeking a new physical activity to incorporate into your routine, consult your healthcare provider and investigate concerns such as safety, efficacy and cost before making any changes to your treatment regimen. Exercise should be used in moderation and under the guidance of a professional with extensive fitness, nutritional and healthcare experience.

Sources

1. Exercising to relax - Harvard Health Publishing. Harvard Health. July 7, 2020. https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/exercising- to-relax.

2. Professional CC Medical. Endorphins: What they are and how to boost them. Cleveland Clinic. May 1, 2024. https://my.clevelandclinic. org/health/body/23040-endorphins

3. Fong Yan A, Nicholson LL, Ward RE, et al. The Effectiveness of Dance Interventions on Psychological and Cognitive Health Outcomes Compared with Other Forms of Physical Activity: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2024;54(5):1179-1205. doi:10.1007/s40279-023-01990-2

Living with a chronic illness can sometimes feel overwhelming and burdensome. RLS is more than just physical discomfort. The debilitating symptoms associated with RLS, such as sleep disturbances, chronic fatigue, and heightened stress levels due to the constant urge to move their legs – especially during periods of rest or inactivity – can take a toll on one's mental health and wellbeing.

In fact, data shows that adults with RLS have a two- to four-fold risk of significant depression compared to those who do not have RLS.² The chronic nature of RLS symptoms, coupled with the disruption it causes to daily life and sleep patterns, can exacerbate feelings of frustration, hopelessness, and lowered mood, contributing to the development or worsening of mental health issues.

Addressing mental health concerns alongside RLS treatment is crucial for comprehensive care and quality of life. Talking openly about the mental health impact of RLS and seeking care is a vital step in breaking the stigma surrounding both conditions. Therapy, counseling, and support groups can provide individuals with coping strategies, emotional support, and a sense of community, empowering them to manage both their physical and mental health challenges more effectively. To find a support group near you, reach out to info@rls.org.

While depression can occur in anyone and at any age, acknowledging the impact of RLS on mental health and advocating for comprehensive care can aid in supporting those affected, promoting a culture of empathy, raising awareness, and encouraging understanding and acceptance. If you or someone you know is struggling with RLS or mental health concerns, remember that help is available, and reaching out is the first step towards healing and recovery.

Mental Health Resources:

If you are having any depressive symptoms, make an appointment to see your healthcare provider. The combination of depression, sleep deprivation and RLS requires a comprehensive medical exam and treatment plan to manage symptoms. 

Explore these free resources to lean on if you or someone you know is experiencing a mental health crisis:

• 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline offers 24/7, confidential support for people in distress. 
• SAMHSA’s National Helpline is a 24/7 treatment referral and information service. 
• FindTreatment.gov helps people seek treatment for mental and substance use disorders. 
• National Institute of Mental Health outlines additional mental health services. 

For more information on RLS and mental health, download the Depression and RLS handout or reach out to info@rls.org.

1. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2022). Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: Results from the 2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (HHS Publication No. PEP22-07-01-005, NSDUH Series H-57). Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021-nsduh-annual-national-report 
   
   
2. Hornyak, Magdolna. “Depressive disorders in restless legs syndrome: epidemiology, pathophysiology and management.” CNS Drugs vol. 24,2 (2010): 89-98. doi:10.2165/11317500-000000000-00000